Stranieri Ovunque – Foreigners Everywhere

Please scroll down for a complete list of participating artists.

Statement by Adriano Pedrosa, Curator:

The title of the 60th International Exhibition of La Biennale di Venezia is drawn from a series of works made by the Paris-born and Palermo-based collective Claire Fontaine since 2004. The works consist of neon sculptures in different colors that render in a growing number of languages the expression “Foreigners Everywhere”. The expression was in turn appropriated from the name of a collective from Turin that in the early 2000s fought racism and xenophobia in Italy: Stranieri Ovunque. There are currently some 53 languages in Claire Fontaine’s series of neon scultpures, both western and non-western, including several indigenous languages, some that are in fact extinct—they will be exhibited at the Biennale Arte this year in a new, large-scale installation in the iconic Gaggiandre shipyards in the Arsenale.

The backdrop for the work is a world rife with multifarious crises concerning the movement and existence of people across countries, nations, territories and borders, which reflect the perils and pitfalls of language, translation, nationality, expressing differences and disparities conditioned by identity, nationality, race, gender, sexuality, freedom, and wealth. In this panorama, the expression Foreigners Everywhere has several meanings. First of all, that wherever you go and wherever you are you will always encounter foreigners—they/we are everywhere. Secondly, that no matter where you find yourself, you are always truly, and deep down inside, a foreigner. In addition, the expression takes on a very particular, site-specific meaning in Venice: a city whose original population consisted of refugees from Roman cities, a city that was at one point the most important centre for international trade and commerce in the Mediterranean, a city that was the capital of the Republic of Venice, dominated by Napoleon Bonaparte, and taken over by Austria, and whose population today consists of about 50,000 residents that may reach 165,000 in a single day during peak seasons due to the enormous number of tourists and travelers—foreigners of a privileged kind—visiting the city. In Venice, foreigners are everywhere. Yet one may also think of the expression as a motto, a slogan, a call to action, a cry— of excitement, joy or fear: Foreigners Everywhere! More importantly, it assumes a critical signification today in Europe, around the Mediterranean and in the world, when the number of forcibly displaced people hit the highest in 2022, at 108.4 million according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and is expected to have grown even more in 2023.

Artists have always traveled and moved about, under various circumstances, through cities, countries and continents, something that has only accelerated since the late 20th century—ironically a period marked by increasing restrictions regarding the dislocation or displacement of people. The Biennale Arte 2024’s primary focus is thus artists who are themselves foreigners, immigrants, expatriates, diasporic, émigrés, exiled, or refugees—particularly those who have moved between the Global South and the Global North. Migration and decolonization are key themes here.

The Italian stranieri, the Portuguese estrangeiro, the French étranger, and the Spanish extranjero, are all etymologically connected to the strano, the estranho, the étrange, the extraño, respectively, which is precisely the stranger. Sigmund Freud’s Das Unheimliche comes to mind—the uncanny in English, which in Portuguese has indeed been translated as “o estranho”—the strange that is also familiar, within, deep down side. According to the American Heritage and the Oxford Dictionaries, the first meaning of the word queer is strange, and thus the Exhibition unfolds and focuses on the production of other related subjects: the queer artist, who has moved within different sexualities and genders, often being persecuted or outlawed; the outsider artist, who is located at the margins of the art world, much like the self-taught artist, the folk artist and the artista popular; as well as the indigenous artist, frequently treated as a foreigner in his or her own land. The productions of these four subjects are the interest of this Biennale Arte, constituting the International Exhibition’s Nucleo Contemporaneo, and although their work is often informed by their own lives, experiences, reflections, narratives and histories, there are also those who delve into more formal issues with their own strange, foreign or indigenous accent.

Indigenous artists have an emblematic presence in the International Exhibition, and their work greets the public in the Central Pavilion, where the Makhu collective from Brazil will paint a monumental mural on the building’s façade, and in the Corderie in the Arsenale, where the Maataho collective from Aotearoa—New Zealand will present a large-scale installation in the first room, two other iconics locales in the exhibition. Queer artists appear throughout the exhibition, and are also the subject of a large section in the Corderie, which gathers works by artists from Canada, China, India, Mexico, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Africa, and the USA, and one devoted to queer abstraction in the Central Pavilion, with works by artists from China, Italy, and the Philippines. From Europe, three of its most remarkable female outsider artists are presented: Madge Gill, from the United Kingdom, Anna Zemánková, from the Czech Republic, and Aloïse, from Switzerland.

The Nucleo Contemporaneo will feature a special section in the Corderie devoted to the Disobedience Archive, a project by Marco Scotini, which since 2005 has been developing a video archive focusing on the relationships between artistic practices and activism. In the Biennale Arte 2024, the presentation of the Disobedience Archive is designed by Juliana Ziebell, who also worked in the exhibition architecture of the entire International Exhibition. The section is divided into two parts especially conceived for our framework, diaspora activism and gender disobedience, and will include works by 39 artists and collectives made between 1975 and 2023.

The International Exhibition will also feature a Nucleo Storico gathering works from 20th century Latin America, Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Much has been written about global modernisms and modernisms in the Global South, and a number of rooms will feature works from these territories, much like an essay, a draft, a speculative curatorial exercise that seeks to question the boundaries and definitions of modernism. We are all too familiar with the histories of modernism in Euroamerica, yet the modernisms in the Global South remain largely unknown. Knowledge about these is limited to the specialists in each individual country or region at best, yet connecting and exhibiting these works together will be revealing. It is this sense that these histories assume a truly contemporary relevance—we urgently need to learn more about and from them. Additionally, European modernism travelled far beyond Europe throughout the 20th century, often intertwined with colonialism, and many artists in the Global South traveled to Europe to be exposed to it. In this process, modernism was appropriated and devoured in the Global South. The reference here is to Oswald de Andrade’s notion of antropofagia, offered as a tool to the modern intellectual at the margins of Europe to appropriate metropolitan culture, cannibalizing it and producing something of his or her own, and evoking the cannibalistic practice of the indigenous Tupinambá people in pre-invasion Brazil. The unique, distinct types of modernism around the Global South assume radically new figures and forms as they often dialogue with local and indigenous narratives and references.

Three rooms are planned for the Nucleo Storico, with one work by each artist, mostly paintings but also works on paper and sculpture, spanning the years of 1905 and 1990. It is difficult to establish a strict overarching chronology here, as the processes may be quite singular in each country or region, often following their own idiosyncratic courses. In the Central Pavilion, one room is devoted to portraits and representations of the human figure and a second one devoted to abstractions.

The double-room named Portraits, includes works by 112 artists from Algeria, Aotearoa — New Zealand, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Korea, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe. The selection shows how the human figure has been explored in countless different ways by artists in the Global South, reflecting on the crisis of representation around the very figure that marked much of the art in 20th century art. In the Global South, many artists were in touch with European modernism, through travels, studies or books, yet they bring in their own highly personal and powerful reflections and contributions to their works. Most works depict non-white characters, which in Venice, at the heart of the Biennale, becomes an eloquent feature of this large and heterogenous group and the Exhibition itself.

The room devoted to Abstractions includes works by 37 artists from Argentina, Aotearoa — New Zealand, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Puerto Rico, South Africa and Turkey. A key reference here is the extraordinary Casablanca School of painters from Morocco, some of which will be presented at the Biennale for the first time. What is of interest here is a certain type of abstraction that detaches itself from the European constructivist abstract geometric tradition, with its rigid orthogonal grid of verticals and horizontals and its palette of primary colors, in order to privilege more organic, curvilinear shapes and forms, bright and vivid colors, in striking compositions.

Most of these artists are being exhibited together for the first time, and we will learn from these unforeseen juxtapositions in the flesh, which will then hopefully point towards new connections, associations, and parallels much beyond the rather straightforward categories that I have proposed. Although not technically part of the Global South any longer, artists from Singapore and Korea have been brought into these sections, given that at the time they were part of the so-called Third World. In a similar manner, Selwyn Wilson and Sandy Adsett, from Aotearoa — New Zealand, have been brought into this Nucleo Storico given that they are historical Maori artists, and the focus on indigenous artists. With the inclusion of the vast majority of these artists in the Nucleo Storico at the Biennale Arte for the first time, a historical debt is paid to them.

A third room in the Nucleo Storico is dedicated to the worldwide Italian artistic diaspora in the 20th century: Italian artists who travelled and moved abroad developing their careers in Africa, Asia, Latin America, as well as in the rest of Europe and the United States, becoming embedded in local cultures—and who often played significant roles in the development of the narratives of modernism beyond Italy. This room will feature works by 40 artists who are first or second generations Italians, exhibited in Lina Bo Bardi’s glass easel display system (Bo Bardi herself an Italian who moved to Brazil, and who won the 2021 Biennale Architettura’s Special Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement in Memoriam).

Two quite different but related elements have emerged rather organically in the research and have been developed, appearing as leitmotivs throughout the International Exhibition. The first one is textiles, which have been explored by many artists in the show in multiple, from key historical figures such as Olga de Amaral, Eduardo Terrazas, and Monika Correa in the Nucleo Storico, to many artists in the Nucleo Contemporaneo, including Agnes Waruguru, Ahmed Umar, Anna Zemánková, Antonio Guzman and Iva Jankovic, the Bordadoras de Isla Negra, Bouchra Khalili, Claudia Alarcon & Silät, Dana Awartani, Frieda Toranzo-Jaeger, Günes Terkol, Kang Seung Lee, Liz Collins, the Mataaho Collective, Nour Jaouda, Pacita Abad, Paula Nicho, Sangódáre Gbádégesin Ajàla, Shalom Kufakwatenzi, Susanne Wenger, Yinka Shonibare, as well as in the Chilean arpilleristas. These works reveal an interest in craft, tradition, and the handmade, and in techniques that were at times considered other or foreign, outsider or strange in the larger field of fine arts.

A second motif is family of artists, artists related by blood, many of them Indigenous—such as Andres Curruchich and his granddaughter Rosa Elena from Guatemala; Abel Rodriguez and his son Aycoboo from Colombia; Fred Graham and his son Brett, Maori artists from Aotearoa — New Zealand; Juana Marta Rodas and her daughter Julia Isidrez from Paraguay; the Mahku, Movimento dos Artistas Huni Kuin, the Huni Kuin collective from the western part of the Brazilian Amazon region; Joseca and Taniki Yanomami, from the northern part of the same region; Santiago Yahuarcani and his son Rember from Peru; Susanne Wenger and her adopted son Sangódáre Gbádégesin Ajàla from Nigeria, the brothers Philomé and Senèque Obin from Haiti, and Jewad and Lorna Selim, the husband and wife from Iraq and the UK. Again tradition plays an important role here—the transmission of knowledge and practices from father or mother to son or daughter or among siblings and relatives.

As a guiding principle, the Biennale Arte 2024 has favored artists who have never participated in the International Exhibition—though a number of them may have been featured in a National Pavilion, a Collateral Event, or in an edition in the 20th century. Special attention is being given to outdoor projects, both in the Arsenale (with works by Anna Maria Maiolino, Beatriz Cortez, Claire Fontaine, Lauren Halsey, Leilah Babirye, and Taylor Nkomo) and in the Giardini (with works by Ivan Argote, Mariana Telleria, Rindon Johnson, and Sol Calero). A performance program is being planned with events during the opening and closing days of the Exhibition.

The Catalogue and the Short Guide of the Biennale Arte 2024 is being designed by Paula Tinoco from Estúdio Campo in São Paulo, and edited by myself with the collaboration of our two Artistic Organizers, Amanda Carneiro and Sofia Gotti. We have invited over 100 authors from different parts of the world to write the more than 300 artists’ entries in the books, privileging a polyphonic approach to the publication. The Catalogue features interviews with the two artists who won the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement, Anna Maria Maiolino and Nil Yalter, another one with Claire Fontaine, and one with myself, conducted by Julieta González. In addition, it includes essays by Jaider Esbell, Kobena Mercer, Luce Delire, Naine Terena, Ranajit Guha, Ticio Escobar, Walter Mignolo.

In a personal level, I myself feel implicated in many of the themes, concepts, motifs and framework of the exhibition. I have lived abroad and have been fortunate to travel extensively during my lifetime. Yet often I have experienced the treatment reserved to a Third World foreigner—although never a refugee, and in fact holding one of the highest ranking passports form the Global South according to the Henley Passport Index. I also identify myself as queer—the first openly queer curator in the history of the Biennale Arte. Moreover, I come from a context in Brazil and in Latin America where the indigenous artist and the artista popular play important roles; although they have been marginalized in art history, they have recently begun to receive more attention. Brazil is also home to many diasporas, a land of foreigners as it were: besides the Portuguese who invaded and colonized the country, it is home to the largest African, Italian, Japanese and Lebanese diasporas in the world.

La Biennale itself, as an international event with so many official participations by numerous different countries, has always been a platform for the exhibition of works of foreigners from all over the world. In this rich tradition, the 60th International Art Exhibition of La Biennale di Venezia, the Biennale Arte 2024, will be a celebration of the foreign, the distant, the outsider, the queer, as well as the indigenous.

Lastly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the Board of La Biennale di Venezia and to the President Roberto Cicutto,who appointed me as Artistic Director of the Visual Arts sector in December 2022, in charge of curating the Biennale Arte 2024.

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Invited Artists:

1. Pacita Abad, Basco, Philippines, 1946-2004, Singapore

2. Mariam Abdel-Aleem, Alexandria, Egypt, 1930–2010

3. Etel Adnan, Beirut, Lebanon, 1925–2021, Paris, France

4. Sandy Adsett, Wairoa, New Zealand, 1939. Lives in Hastings, New Zealand

5. Affandi, Cirebon, Indonesia, 1907–1990, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

6. Zubeida Agha, Lyallpur, India, 1922–1997, Islamabad, Pakistan

7. Dia al-Azzawi, Baghdad, Iraq, 1939. Lives in London, UK, Jordan and Lebanon.

8. Claudia Alarcón & Silät, Comunidad La Puntana, Salta, Argentina, 1989. Lives in Comunidad La Puntana

9. Rafa al-Nasiri, Tikrit, Iraq, 1940–2013, Amman, Jordan

10. Miguel Alandia Pantoja, Catavi, Bolivia, 1914–1975, Lima, Peru

11. Aloïse, Lausanne, Switzerland, 1886–1964, Gimel, Switzerland

12. Giulia Andreani, Venice, Italy, 1985. Lives in Paris, France.

13. Claudia Andujar, Neuchatel, Switzerland, 1931. Lives in São Paulo, Brazil

14. María Aranís Valdivia, Santiago, Chile, 1903–1966, Chile

15. Aravani Art Project, Founded in Bangalore, India, 2016. Based in several cities, India

16. Iván Argote, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983. Lives in Paris, France

17. Karimah Ashadu, London, UK, 1985. Lives in Hamburg, Germany and Lagos, Nigeria

18. Dana Awartani, Palestinian, born in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1987. Lives in Jeddah

19. Aycoobo (Wilson Rodríguez), La Chorrera, Colombia, 1967. Lives in Bogotá, Colombia

20. Margarita Azurdia, Antigua, Guatemala, 1931–1998, Guatemala City

21. Leilah Babirye, Kampala, Uganda, 1985. Lives in New York City, USA

22. Libero Badii, Arezzo, Italia, 1916–2001, Buenos Aires, Argentina

23. Ezekiel Baroukh, Mansoura, Egypt, 1909–1984, Paris, France

24. Baya, Bordj El Kiffan, Algeria, 1931–1998, Blida, Algeria

25. Aly Ben Salem, Tunis, Tunisia, 1910–2001, Stockholm, Sweden

26. Semiha Berksoy, Istanbul, Turkey, 1910–2004

27. Gianni Bertini, Pisa, Italy, 1922–2010, Caen, France

28. Lina Bo Bardi, Rome, Italy, 1914-1992, São Paulo, Brazil

29. Maria Bonomi, Meina, Italy, 1935. Lives in São Paulo, Brazil

30. Bordadoras de Isla Negra, Founded in Isla Negra, Chile, 1967–1980

31. Victor Brecheret, Farnese, Italy, 1894–1955, São Paulo, Brazil

32. Huguette Caland, Beirut, Lebanon, 1931–2019

33. Sol Calero, Caracas, Venezuela, 1982. Lives in Berlin, Germany

34. Elda Cerrato, Asti, Italy, 1930–2023, Buenos Aires, Argentina

35. Mohammed Chebaa, Tangiers, Morocco, 1935–2013, Casablanca, Morocco

36. Georgette Chen, Zhejiang, China, 1906–1993, Singapore

37. Galileo Chini, Florence, Italy, 1873–1956

38. Kudzanai Chiurai, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1980. Lives in Harare

39. Isaac Chong Wai, Hong Kong, 1990. Lives in Berlin, Germany and Hong Kong

40. Saloua Raouda Choucair, Beirut, Lebanon, 1916–2017

41. Chaouki Choukini, Choukine, Lebanon, 1946. Lives in La Verrière, France

42. Chua Mia Tee, 1931, Shantou, China. Lives in Singapore.

43. Claire Fontaine, Founded in Paris, France, 2004. Based in Palermo, Italy

44. Manauara Clandestina, Manaus, Brazil, 1992. Lives in São Paulo, Brazil.

45. River Claure, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1997. Lives in Cochabamba and La Paz, Bolivia

46. Julia Codesido, Lima, Peru, 1883–1979

47. Liz Collins, Alexandria, USA, 1968. Lives in Brooklyn, USA

48. Jaime Colson, Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic, 1901–1975, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

49. Waldemar Cordeiro, Rome, Italy, 1925–1973, São Paulo, Brazil

50. Monika Correa, Mumbai, India, 1938. Lives in Mumbai

51. Beatriz Cortez, San Salvador, El Salvador, 1970. Lives in Los Angeles and Davis, USA

52. Olga Costa, Leipzig, Germany, 1913–1993, Guanajuato, Mexico

53. Miguel Covarrubias, Mexico City, 1904–1957

54. Victor Juan Cúnsolo, Vittoria, Italy, 1898–1936 Lanus, Argentina

55. Andrés Curruchich, Comalapa, Guatemala, 1891-1969

56. Rosa Elena Curruchich, Comalapa, Guatemala, 1958–2005

57. Djanira da Motta e Silva, Avaré, Brazil, 1914–1979, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

58. Olga De Amaral, Bogotá, Colombia, 1932. Lives in Bogotá

59. Filippo de Pisis, Ferrara, Italy, 1896–1956, Milan, Italy

60. Juan Del Prete, Vasto, Italy, 1897–1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina

61. Pablo Delano, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1954. Lives in West Hartford, USA

62. Emiliano Di Cavalcanti, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1897–1976

63. Danilo Di Prete, Zambra, Italy, 1911–1985, São Paulo, Brazil

64. Cícero Dias, Escada, Brazil, 1907–2003, Paris, France

65 - 104. Disobedience Archive – Marco Scotini, Ursula Biemann, Black Audio-Film Collective, Seba Calfuqueo, Simone Cangelosi, Cinéastes pour les sans-papiers, Critical Art Ensemble, Snow Hnin Ei Hlaing, Marcelo Expósito with Nuria Vila, Maria Galindo & Mujeres Creando, Barbara Hammer, mixrice, Khaled Jarrar, Sara Jordenö, Bani Khoshnoudi, Maria Kourkouta & Niki Giannari, Pedro Lemebel, LIMINAL & Border Forensics (Lorenzo Pezzani, Jack Isles, Giovanna Reder, Stanislas Michel, Chiara Denaro, Alagie Jinkang, Charles Heller, Kiri Santer, Svitlana Lavrenchuk, Luca Obertüfer), Angela Melitopoulos, Jota Mombaça, Carlos Motta, Zanele Muholi, Pınar Öğrenci, Daniela Ortiz, Thunska Pansittivorakul, Anand Patwardhan, Pilot TV Collective, Queerocracy, Oliver Ressler and Zanny Begg, Carole Roussopoulos, Güliz Sağlam, Irwan Ahmett & Tita Salina, Tejal Shah, Chi Yin Sim, Hito Steyerl, Sweatmother, Raphaël Grisey and Bouba Touré, Nguyễn Trinh Thi, James Wentzy, Želimir Žilnik

105. Juana Elena Diz, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1925 – ?

106. Tarsila do Amaral, Capivari, Brazil, 1886–1973, São Paulo, Brazil

107. Saliba Douaihy, Ehden, Lebanon, 1915–1994, New York City, USA

108. Dullah, Surakarta, Indonesia, 1919–1996, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

109. Inji Efflatoun, Cairo, Egypt, 1924–1989

110. Uzo Egonu, Onitsha, Nigeria, 1931–1996, London, UK

111. Mohammad Ehsaei, Qazvin, Iran, 1939. Lives in Tehran, Iran, and Vancouver, Canada

112. Hatem El Mekki, Jakarta, Indonesia, 1918–2003, Carthage, Tunisia

113. Aref El Rayess, Aley, Lebanon, 1928–2005

114. Ibrahim El-Salahi, Omduran, Sudan, 1930. Lives in Oxford, UK.

115. Elyla, Chontales, Nicaragua, 1989. Lives in Masaya, Nicaragua

116. Ben Enwonwu, Onitsha, Nigeria, 1917–1994, Lagos, Nigeria

117. Romany Eveleigh, London, UK, 1934–2020, Rome, Italy

118. Hamed Ewais, Beni Soueif, Egypt, 1919–2011, Cairo, Egypt

119. Dumile Feni, Worcester, South Africa, 1939–1991, New York City, USA

120. Alessandra Ferrini, Florence, Italy, 1984. Lives in London, UK

121. Cesare Ferro Milone, Turin, Italy, 1880–1934

122. Raquel Forner, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1902–1988

123. Simone Forti, Florence, Italy, 1935. Lives in Los Angeles, USA

124. Victor Fotso Nyie, Doula, Cameroon, 1990. Lives in Faenza, Italy

125. Louis Fratino, Annapolis, USA, 1993. Lives in Brooklyn, USA

126. Paolo Gasparini, Gorizia, Italy, 1934. Lives in Trieste, Caracas, Venezuela and Mexico City

127. Osogbo, Nigeria, 1948–2021

128. Umberto Giangrandi, Pontedera, Italy, 1943. Lives in Bogotà, Colombia

129. Madge Gill, Walthamstow, UK, 1882–1961, London, UK

130. Marlene Gilson, Wadawurrung, Warrnambool, Australia, 1944. Lives in Gordon, Australia

131. Luigi Domenico Gismondi, Sanremo, Italy, 1872–1946, Mollendo, Peru

132. Gabrielle Goliath, Kimberley, South Africa, 1983. Lives in Johannesburg, South Africa

133. Brett Graham, Auckland, Aotearoa, New Zealand, 1967. Lives in Auckland

134. Fred Graham, Arapuni, Aotearoa, New Zealand, 1928. Lives in Waiuku, Aotearoa, New Zealand

135. Enrique Grau Araújo, Panama City, Panama, 1920–2004, Bogotá, Colombia

136. Oswaldo Guayasamín, Quito, Ecuador, 1919–1999, Baltimore, USA

137. Nedda Guidi, Gubbio, Italy, 1923–2015, Rome, Italy

138. Hendra Gunawan, Bandung, Indonesia, 1918–1983 Bali, Indonesia

139. Antonio Jose Guzman & Iva Jankovic, Panama City, 1971. Lives in Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Panama City; Ruma, Serbia, 1979. Lives in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

140. Marie Hadad, Beirut, Lebanon, 1889–1973

141. Samia Halaby, Jerusalem, Palestine, 1936. Lives in New York City, USA

142. Tahia Halim, Dongola, Sudan, 1919–2003, Cairo, Egypt

143. Lauren Halsey, Los Angeles, USA, 1987. Lives in Los Angeles

144. Nazek Hamdi, Cairo, Egypt, 1926–2019

145. Mohamed Hamidi, Casablanca, Morocco, 1941. Lives in Casablanca and Azemmour, Marocco

146. Faik Hassan, Baghdad, Iraq, 1914–1992, Paris, France

147. Kadhim Hayder, Baghdad, Iraq, 1932–1985

148. Gilberto Hernández Ortega, Baní, Dominican Republic, 1923–1979, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

149. Carmen Herrera, Havana, Cuba, 1915–2022, New York City, USA

150. Evan Ifekoya, Iperu, Nigeria, 1988. Lives in London, UK

151. Julia Isídrez, Itá, Paraguay, 1967. Lives in Itá

152. Mohammed Issiakhem, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria, 1928–1985, Algiers, Algeria

153. Elena Izcue Cobián, Lima, Peru, 1889–1970

154. María Izquierdo, San Juan de los Lagos, Mexico, 1902–1955, Mexico City

155. Nour Jaouda, Cairo, Egypt, 1997. Lives in Cairo and London, UK

156. Rindon Johnson, San Francisco, USA, 1990. Lives in Berlin, Germany

157. Joyce Joumaa*, Beirut, Lebanon, 1998. Lives in Montreal, Canada. Biennale College Arte

158. Mohammed Kacimi, Meknes, Morocco, 1942–2003, Rabat, Morocco

159. Frida Kahlo, Mexico City, 1907–1954

160. Nazira Karimi*, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 1996. Lives in Almaty, Kazakhstan and Vienna, Austria Biennale College Arte

161. George Keyt, Kandy, Sri Lanka, 1901–1993, Colombo, Sri Lanka

162. Bhupen Khakhar, Bombay, India, 1934–2003, Baroda, India

163. Bouchra Khalili, Casablanca, Morocco, 1975. Lives in Vienna, Austria and works itinerantly.

164. Kiluanji Kia Henda, Luanda, Angola, 1979. Lives in Luanda

165. Linda Kohen, Milan, Italy, 1924. Lives in Montevideo, Uruguay

166. Shalom Kufakwatenzi, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1995. Lives in Harare

167. Ram Kumar, Shimla, India, 1924–2018, Delhi, India

168. Fred Kuwornu, Bologna, Italy, 1971. Lives in New York City, USA

169. Grace Salome Kwami, Worawora, Ghana, 1923–2006

170. Lai Foong Moi, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, 1931–1995, Singapore

171. Wifredo Lam, Sagua la Grande, Cuba, 1902–1982, Paris, France

172. Judith Lauand, Araraquara, Brazil, 1922–2022, São Paulo, Brazil

173. Maggie Laubser, Bloublommetjieskloof, South Africa, 1886–1973, Strand, South Africa

174. Simon Lekgetho, Schoemansville, South Africa, 1929–1985, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa

175. Celia Leyton Vidal, Santiago, Chile, 1895—1975

176. Lim Mu Hue, Singapore, 1936–2008

177. Romualdo Locatelli, Bergamo, Italy, 1905–1943, Manila, Philippines

178. Bertina Lopes, Maputo, Mozambique, 1924–2012, Rome, Italy

179. Amadeo Luciano Lorenzato, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 1900–1995

180. Anita Magsaysay-Ho, Zambales, Philippines, 1914–2012, Manila, Philippines

181. MAHKU (Movimento dos Artistas Huni Kuin), Founded in Kaxinawá (Huni Kuin) Indigenous Territory, Acre, Brazil, 2013. Based in Kaxinawá (Huni Kuin) Indigenous Territory, Brazil

182. Esther Mahlangu, Middelburg, South Africa, 1935. Lives in Mpumalanga, South Africa

183. Anna Maria Maiolino, Scalea, Italy, 1942. Lives in São Paulo, Brazil

184. Anita Malfatti, São Paulo, Brazil, 1889–1964

185. Ernest Mancoba, Johannesburg, South Africa, 1904–2002, Clamart, France

186. Edna Manley, Bournemouth, England, 1900–1987, Kingston, Jamaica

187. Josiah Manzi, Zimbabwe, 1933–2022

188. Teresa Margolles, Culiacán, Mexico, 1963. Lives in Mexico City and Madrid, Spain

189. Maria Martins, Campanha, Brazil, 1894–1973, Rio de Janeiro

190. María Martorell, Salta, Argentina, 1909–2010

191. Mataaho Collective, 2012, Aotearoa, New Zealand. Based in Aotearoa, New Zealand

192. Naminapu Maymuru-White, Yirrkala, Australia, 1952. Lives in Yirrkala

193. Mohamed Melehi, Asilah, Morocco, 1936–2020, Paris, France

194. Carlos Mérida, Guatemala City, 1891–1985, Mexico City

195. Gladys Mgudlandlu, Peddie, South Africa, (1917–1926?)–1979, Cape Town, South Africa

196. Omar Mismar, Bekaa Valley, Lebanon, 1986. Lives in Beirut, Lebanon.

197. Sabelo Mlangeni, Mpumalanga, South Africa, 1980. Lives in Johannesburg, South Africa

198. Tina Modotti, Udine, Italy, 1896–1942, Mexico City

199. Bahman Mohasses, Rasht, Iran, 1931–2010, Rome, Italy

200. Roberto Montenegro, Guadalajara, Mexico, 1885–1968, Mexico City

201. Camilo Mori Serrano, Valparaíso, Chile, 1896—1973, Santiago, Chile

202. Ahmed Morsi, Alexandria, Egypt, 1930. Lives in New York City, USA

203. Effat Naghi, Alexandria, Egypt, 1905–1994

204. Ismael Nery, Belem, Brazil, 1900–1934, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

205. Malangatana Valente Ngwenya, Matalana, Mozambique, 1936–2011, Matosinhos, Portugal

206. Paula Nicho, Comalapa, Guatemala, 1955. Lives in Comalapa

207. Costantino Nivola, Orani, Italy, 1911–1988, East Hampton, USA

208. Taylor Nkomo, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, 1957. Lives in Harare, Zimbabwe

209. Marina Núñez del Prado, La Paz, Bolivia, 1910–1995, Lima, Peru

210. Philomé Obin, Bas-Limbé, Haiti, 1892–1986

211. Sénèque Obin, Limbé, Haiti, 1893–1977

212. Alejandro Obregón, Barcelona, Spain, 1920–1991, Cartagena, Colombia

213. Tomie Ohtake, Kyoto, Japan, 1912–2015, São Paulo, Brazil

214. Uche Okeke, Nimo, Nigeria, 1933–2016

215. Marco Ospina, Bogotá, Colombia, 1912–1983

216. Samia Osseiran Junblatt, Saida, Lebanon, 1944. Lives in Bramiyeh, Lebanon.

217. Daniel Otero Torres, Bogotá, Colombia, 1985. Lives in Paris, France

218. Lydia Ourahmane, Saïda, Algeria, 1992. Lives in Algiers, Algeria and Barcelona, Spain

219. Pan Yuliang, Yangzhou, China, 1895–1977, Paris, France

220. Dalton Paula, Brasília, Brazil, 1982. Lives in Goiânia, Brazil

221. Amelia Peláez, Yaguajay, Cuba, 1896–1968, Havana, Cuba

222. George Pemba, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 1912–2001, Eastern Cape, South Africa

223. Fulvio Pennacchi, Villa Collemandina, Italy, 1905–1992, São Paulo, Brazil

224. Claudio Perna, Milan, Italy, 1938–1997, Holguín, Cuba

225. Emilio Pettoruti, La Plata, Argentina, 1892–1971, Paris, France

226. Lê Phổ, Hanoi, Vietnam, 1907–2001, Paris, France

227. Bona Pieyre De Mandiargues, Rome, Italy, 1926 –2000, Paris, France

228. Ester Pilone, Cuneo, Italy, 1920 – ?

229. La Chola Poblete, Mendoza, Argentina, 1989. Lives Buenos Aires, Argentina

230. Charmaine Poh, Singapore, 1990. Lives in Berlin, Germany and Singapore

231. Maria Polo, Venice, Italy, 1937–1983, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

232. Candido Portinari, Brodowski, Brazil, 1903 – 1962, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

233. Sandra Poulson*, Angolan, born in Lisbon, Portugal, 1995. Lives in Luanda, Angola and London Biennale College Arte

234. B. Prabha, Maharashtra, India, 1933–2001, Nagpur, India

235. Lidy Prati, Resistencia, Argentina, 1921–2008, Buenos Aires, Argentina

236. Puppies Puppies (Jade Guanaro Kuriki-Olivo), Dallas, USA, 1989. Lives in New York City, USA.

237. Lee Qoede, Chilgok, South Korea, 1913–1965

238. Agnes Questionmark*, Rome, Italy, 1995. Lives in Rome and New York City, USA Biennale College Arte

239. Violeta Quispe, Lima, Peru, 1989. Lives in Lima

240. Alfredo Ramos Martinez, Monterrey, Mexico, 1871–1946, Los Angeles, USA

241. Sayed Haider Raza, Madhya Pradesh, India, 1922–2016, Delhi, India

242. Armando Reverón, Caracas, Venezuela, 1889–1954

243. Emma Reyes, Bogotá, Colombia, 1919–2003, Bordeaux, France

244. Diego Rivera, Guanajuato City, Mexico, 1886–1957, Mexico City

245. Juana Marta Rodas, Itá, Paraguay, 1925–2003

246. Laura Rodig Pizarro, Los Andes, Chile, 1896/1901–1972, Santiago, Chile

247. Abel Rodríguez, Cahuinarí, Colombia, 1941. Lives in Bogotá, Colombia

248. Aydeé Rodriguez Lopez, Cuajinicuilapa, Mexico, 1955. Lives in Cuajinicuilapa.

249. Freddy Rodriguez, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic, 1945–2022, New York City, USA

250. Miguel Ángel Rojas, Bogotá, Colombia, 1946. Lives in Bogotá

251. Rosa Rolanda, Azusa, USA, 1896–1970, Mexico City

252. Jamini Roy, Bengal, India, 1887–1972, Calcutta, India

253. Rómulo Rozo, Bogotá, Colombia, 1899–1964, Mérida, Mexico

254. Erica Rutherford, Edinburgh, UK, 1923–2008, Charlottetown, Canada

255. José Sabogal, Cajabamba, Peru, 1888–1956, Lima, Peru

256. Mahmoud Sabri, Baghdad, Iraq, 1927–2012, Maidenhead, UK

257. Syed Sadequain, Amroha, India, 1930–1987, Karachi, Pakistan

258. Nena Saguil, Manila, Philippines, 1914–1994, Paris, France

259. Mahmoud Saïd, Alexandria, Egypt, 1897–1964

260. Kazuya Sakai, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1927–2001, Dallas, USA

261. Ione Saldanha, Alegrete, Brazil, 1919–2001, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

262. Dean Sameshima, California, USA, 1971. Lives in Berlin, Germany

263. Zilia Sánchez, Havana, Cuba, 1926. Lives in San Juan, Puerto Rico

264. Bárbara Sánchez-Kane, Mérida, Mexico, 1987. Lives in Mexico City

265. Nenne Sanguineti Poggi, Savona, Italy, 1909–2012, Finale Ligure, Italy

266. Fanny Sanín, Bogotá, Colombia, 1938. Lives in New York City, USA

267. Aligi Sassu, Milan, Italy, 1912–2000, Pollença, Spain

268. Greta Schödl, Hollabrunn, Austria, 1929. Lives in Bologna, Italy

269. Ana Segovia, Mexico City, 1991. Lives in Mexico City

270. Gerard Sekoto, Botshabelo, South Africa, 1913–1993, Nogent-sur-Marne, France

271. Jewad Selim, Ankara, Turkey, 1919–1961, Baghdad, Iraq

272. Lorna Selim, Sheffield, UK, 1928–2021, Abergavenny, UK

273. Joshua Serafin, Bacolod, Philippines, 1995. Lives in Brussels, Belgium

274. Kang Seung Lee, Seoul, South Korea, 1978. Lives in Los Angeles, USA

275. Gino Severini, Cortona, Italy, 1883—1966, Paris, France

276. Amrita Sher-Gil, Budapest, Hungary, 1913–1941, Lahore, India

277. Anwar Jalal Shemza, Shimla, India, 1928–1985, Stafford, UK

278. Yinka Shonibare, London, UK, 1962. Lives in London.

279. Doreen Sibanda, Derby, UK, 1954. Lives in Harare, Zimbabwe

280. Fadjar Sidik, Surabaya, Indonesia, 1930–2004, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

281. Gazbia Sirry, Cairo, Egypt, 1925–2021

282. Lucas Sithole, KwaThema, South Africa, 1931–1994, Spekboom, South Africa

283. Francis Newton Souza, Saligao, India, 1924–2002, Mumbai, India

284. Joseph Stella, Muro Lucano, Italy, 1877–1946, New York City, USA

285. Irma Stern, Schweizer-Reneke, South Africa, 1894–1966, Cape Town, South Africa

286. Leopold Strobl, Mistelbach, Austria, 1960. Lives in Mistelbach

287. Emiria Sunassa, Tanahwangko, Indonesia, 1894–1964, Lampung , Indonesia

288. Superflex, Founded in Copenhagen, Denmark, 1993. Based in Copenhagen

289. Armodio Tamayo, La Paz, Bolivia, 1924–1964

290. Maria Taniguchi, Dumaguete, Philippines, 1981. Lives in Manila, Philippines

291. Evelyn Taocheng Wang, Chengdu, China, 1981. Lives in Rotterdam, the Netherlands

292. Lucy Tejada, Pereira, Colombia, 1920–2011, Cali, Colombia

293. Mariana Telleria, Rufino, Argentina, 1979. Lives in Rosario, Argentina

294. ü ş Terkol, Istanbul, Turkey, 1981. Lives in Istanbul.

295. Eduardo Terrazas, Guadalajara, Mexico, 1936. Lives in Mexico City

296. Clorindo Testa, Benevento, Italy, 1923–2013, Buenos Aires, Argentina

297. Salman Toor, Lahore, Pakistan, 1983. Lives in New York, USA.

298. Frieda Toranzo Jaeger, Mexico City, 1988. Lives in Mexico City and Berlin, Germany

299. Horacio Torres, Livorno, Italy, 1924–1976, New York City, USA

300. Joaquin Torres-Garcìa, Montevideo, Uruguay, 1874–1949

301. Mario Tozzi, Fossombrone, Italy, 1895—1979, Saint-Jean-du-Gard, France

302. Twins Seven Seven, Ijara, Nigeria, 1944–2011, Ibadan, Nigeria

303. Ahmed Umar, Sudan, 1988. Lives in Oslo, Norway.

304. Unidentified Chilean women artists, Arpillera

305. Rubem Valentim, Salvador, Brazil, 1922–1991, São Paulo, Brazil

306. Edoardo Daniele Villa, Bergamo, Italy, 1915–2011, Johannesburg, South Africa

307. Eliseu Visconti, Giffoni Valle Piana, Italy, 1866–1944, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

308. Alfredo Volpi, Lucca, Italy, 1896–1988, São Paulo, Brazil

309. Kay WalkingStick, Syracuse, USA, 1935. Lives in Pennsylvania, USA

310. WangShui, Dallas, USA, 1986. Lives in New York City, USA

311. Agnes Waruguru, Nairobi, Kenya, 1994. Lives in Nairobi.

312. Barrington Watson, Lucea, Jamaica, 1931–2016, Kingston, Jamaica

313. Osmond Watson, Kingston, Jamaica, 1934–2005

314. Susanne Wenger, Graz, Austria, 1915-2009, Osogbo, Nigeria

315. Emmi Whitehorse, New Mexico, USA, 1956. Lives in New Mexico.

316. Selwyn Wilson, Taumarere, New Zealand, 1927—2002, Kawakawa, Northland, New Zealand

317. Chang Woosoung, Chungju-si, South Korea, 1912–2005, Seoul, South Korea

318. Celeste Woss y Gil, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 1891–1985

319. Xiyadie, Shaanxi, China, 1963. Lives in Shandong, China

320. Rember Yahuarcani, Pebas, Peru, 1985. Lives Pebas and Lima, Peru

321. Santiago Yahuarcani, Pebas, Peru, 1960. Lives in Pebas

322. Nil Yalter, Cairo, Egypt, 1938. Lives in Paris, France

323. Joseca Mokahesi Yanomami, Yanomami Indigenous Territory, Brazil, 1971. Lives in Yanomami Indigenous Territory

324. André Taniki Yanomami, Yanomami Indigenous Territory, Brazil, 1949. Lives in Yanomami Indigenous Territory

325. Yêdamaria, Salvador, Brazil, 1932–2016

326. Ramses Younan, Minya, Egypt, 1913–1966, Cairo, Egypt

327. Kim YunShin, Wonsan, Korea, 1935. Lives in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Seoul, South Korea

328. Fahrelnissa Zeid, Büyükada, Turkey, 1901–1991, Amman, Jordan

329. Anna Zemánková, Olomouc, Moravia, 1908–1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia

330. Bibi Zogbé, Sahel Alma, Lebanon, 1890–1975, Mar del Plata, Argentina

Applied Arts Pavilion:

Beatriz Milhazes*

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1960. Lives in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

*Out of competition